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}} |settlement_type = Municipality |total_type = Municipality |image_skyline = Shanghai montage.png |image_caption = Clockwise from top: A view of the Pudong skyline, Yu Garden, China Pavilion along with the Expo Axis, neon signs on Nanjing Road, and The Bund |image_seal = Symbol Shanghai transparent backgr.png |image_map = Shanghai in China (+all claims hatched).svg |map_caption = Location of Shanghai Municipality in China |image_map1 = |map_caption1 = |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_region = CN-31 |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = |established_title = Settled |established_date = 5th–7th century |established_title1 = Incorporated - Town |established_date1 = 751 |established_title2 = - County |established_date2 = 1292 |established_title3 = - Municipality |established_date3 = 7 July 1927 |parts_type = Divisions - County-level - Township- level |parts = 15 districts, 1 county 210 towns and subdistricts |OriginOfName = 上海浦 （Sh ànghăi Pǔ） "The original name of the Huangpu River." |government_type = Municipality |leader_title = CPC Secretary |leader_name = Han Zheng |leader_title1 = Mayor |leader_name1 = Yang Xiong |leader_title2 = Congress Chairman |leader_name2 = Yin Yicui |leader_title3 = Conference Chairman |leader_name3 = Wu Zhiming |area_total_km2 = 6340.5 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = 697 |area_urban_km2 = |area_footnotes = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ )〕〔 |elevation_m = 4 |elevation_footnotes = 〔 |population_total = 24256800 |population_as_of = 2014 |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = auto |population_rank=1st in China |population_metro =34000000 |population_metro_footnotes = (2010)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015 )〕 |population_demonym = Shanghainese |timezone = China standard time |utc_offset = +8 |coor_type = |latd=31 |latm=12 |latNS=N |longd=121 |longm=30 |longEW=E |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 200000–202100 |area_code = 21 |blank_name = GDP〔 |blank_info = 2014 |blank1_name = - Total |blank1_info = CNY2.356 trillion US$383.55 billion (12th) |blank2_name = - Per capita |blank2_info = CNY97,555 US$15,880 (3rd) |blank3_name = - Growth |blank3_info = 7% |blank4_name = HDI (2010) |blank4_info = 0.814 (2nd) – very high |blank5_name = Licence plate prefixes |blank5_info = 沪A, B, D, E, F, G, H, J, K 沪C (outer suburbs) |blank6_name = City flower |blank6_info = Yulan magnolia |website = (www.shanghai.gov.cn ) }} Shanghai is the largest Chinese city by population〔, p. 395.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What are China's largest and richest cities? )〕 and the largest city proper by population in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cities: largest (without surrounding suburban areas) )〕 It is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the People's Republic of China, with a population of more than 24 million .〔 It is a global financial center, and a transport hub with the world's busiest container port. Located in the Yangtze River Delta in East China, Shanghai sits on the south edge of the mouth of the Yangtze in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the north, south and west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.〔 〕 For centuries a major administrative, shipping, and trading town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of five opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the First Opium War while the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking and 1844 Treaty of Whampoa allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement and the French Concession. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s.〔 〕 However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, trade was reoriented to focus on socialist countries, and the city's global influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city. Shanghai is a popular tourist destination renowned for its historical landmarks such as The Bund, City God Temple and Yu Garden as well as the extensive Lujiazui skyline, many skyscrapers, and major museums including the Shanghai Museum and the China Art Museum. It has been described as the "showpiece" of the booming economy of mainland China. ==Etymology and names== The two Chinese characters in the city's name are (''shàng'', "above") and (''hǎi'', "sea"), together meaning "Upon-the-Sea". The earliest occurrence of this name dates from the 11th-century Song dynasty, at which time there was already a river confluence and a town with this name in the area. There are disputes as to exactly how the name should be understood, but Chinese historians have concluded that during the Tang dynasty Shanghai was literally on the sea.〔Danielson, Eric N., Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta, 2004, pp.8–9.〕 Shanghai is officially abbreviated (''Hù'') in Chinese,〔Traditional Chinese: ; Shanghainese: ''Vu''2.〕 a contraction of (''Hù Dú'', lit "Harpoon Ditch"),〔〔Traditional Chinese: .〕 a 4th- or Jin name for the mouth of Suzhou Creek when it was the main conduit into the ocean.〔Shanghai Municipal Government. "("申","沪"的由来 )" ("Origins of ''Shen'' and ''Hu''"). 〕 This character appears on all motor vehicle license plates issued in the municipality today. Another alternative name for Shanghai is ''Shēn'' () or ''Shēnchéng'' (, "Shen City"), from Lord Chunshen, a third-century BC nobleman and prime minister of the state of Chu, whose fief included modern Shanghai.〔 Sports teams and newspapers in Shanghai often use Shen in their names, such as Shanghai Shenhua F.C. and ''Shen Bao''. ''Huating'' () was another early name for Shanghai. In AD 751, during the mid-Tang dynasty, Huating County was established at modern-day Songjiang, the first county-level administration within modern-day Shanghai. Today, Huating appears as the name of a four-star hotel in the city.〔 The city also has various nicknames in English, including "Pearl of the Orient" and "Paris of the East". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shanghai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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